Evaluation of mathematical equations to predict the theoretical yield of Chilean Gouda cheese

This study was performed to obtain an adequate tool for predicting the yield of Chilean Gouda cheese. The theoretical yields were calculated by applying equations derived from technical references to industrial cheese production and were compared with their own actual yields, thus selecting those equations showing the best correlation with the actual yield.
The manufacturing and ripening of the cheese were controlled through the chemical composition of milk, whey and cheese, and the weight of the product before and after ripening was recorded.
The actual and theoretical yield values derived from each formula were compared using the mean yield graphs. Furthermore, the global concordance coefficient ( W ) of Kendall and Smith was also applied, showing the lack of significant discrepancy between actual and theoretical yield values [ P  > 0.01 ( W  = 27; W ≥  18.48)] for either 3- or 30-day cheeses. Out of the 11 formulae used to measure the yield of cheese, six showing a good correlation between the yields were selected through the comparison of error sums and Pearson correlation analysis. However, two formulae showed the best yield results for practical use.     

计算选煤产品实际产率格式法的修正

为了进一步提高格式公式法计算选煤产品实际产率的准确性 ,引入煤炭分选前后数质量平衡关系 ,对格式公式法进行修正 ;修正后的方法只需用复杂公式计算精煤产率即可 ,而不需要计算其他产率     

由振动台试验结果反推原型结构地震反应注记

由结构模型的振动台试验结果来考察真实结构的动力特性,是研究工程结构地震反应的试验研究方法之一,如何正确处理试验模型与原型的相似关系以及如何由模型反应正确推导原型反应是很重要的问题。通过对15层框-桁架结构的振动台试验模型的地震反应,采用2种方法反推原型结构地震反应并加以对比,从而考察和探讨模型与原型相似关系的准确性,指出了由模型反推原型结构地震反应的注意事项和建议。     

虚拟现实技术在化学实验教学中的应用研究

虚拟实验应用日益广泛,而支持虚拟实验的相关技术成为了研究热点。分析了虚拟化学实验及其在未来虚拟现实技术上的发展趋势,综述了U-nity3D技术、增强现实技术和Kinect体感交互技术的理论基础以及在虚拟化学实验中的应用与发展,以虚拟技术融合的方法为导向,仿真化学实验的实时环境,使虚拟实验简单化、直观化。展望了虚实融合技术在虚拟实验领域的应用前景。虚实融合技术有利于推动虚拟化学实验朝智能化发展,是虚拟实验改革的一个新起点。     

Target point‐based path‐following controller for a car‐type vehicle using bounded controls

In this paper, we have studied the control problem of target point‐based path following for car‐type vehicles. This special path‐following task arises from the needs of vision‐based guidance systems, where a given target point located ahead of the vehicle, in the visual range of the camera, must follow a specified path. A solution to this problem is developed through a nonlinear transformation of the path‐following problem into a reference trajectory tracking problem, by modeling the target point as a virtual vehicle. The use of target point complicates the control problem, as the development produces a first‐order nonlinear nonglobally Lipschitz differential equation with finite escape time. This problem is solved by using small control signals. Bounded feedback laws are designed to control the real vehicle's angular acceleration and the virtual vehicle's velocity, to achieve stability. The resulting controller is globally asymptotically stable with respect to the origin, the proof of which is derived from Lyapunov‐based arguments and a bootstrap argument. It is also shown that the use of exponentially convergent observers/differentiators does not affect the stability of the closed‐loop system. The effectiveness of this controller has been illustrated through simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河道烧录算法提取出断裂河网的必要条件探究

河道烧录算法是比较常用的基于实际河网修正提取模拟河网的方法。该方法能有效地提取出同实际河网高相似度的模拟河网。然而,在某些情况下,所提取的河网会产生"断裂"现象。深入研究发现,出现"断裂"的必要条件是:(1)实际河网栅格中存在全局高估栅格;(2)实际河网源头栅格正好位于DEM有效数据边界上。在实际应用中,只要消除两个条件中的任何一个,即可有效地避免提取出"断裂"的模拟河网。     

立洲RCC拱坝蓄水过程应力变形特性分析

基于立洲RCC拱坝温度场全过程仿真分析成果,考虑施工期残余应力,分析大坝蓄水过程中在温度荷载、水荷载、渗透压力和自重作用下坝体应力变形特性及发展规律,探寻真实工作状态下与设计荷载作用下大坝应力特性差异,并结合类似工程蓄水监测成果对立洲大坝的蓄水安全情况进行分析和评价。分析结果表明,大坝实际应力、变形性态与传统算法结果相比差异显著,大坝在蓄水过程中处于弹性范围内,工作状态正常。     

基于利用回归分析法预报上下游相关洪峰水位

根据实际工作需要,为克服采用传统手段利用上下游洪峰水位相关图法来进行洪水预报所带来的不精确性和任意性,笔者利用数学函数方程和回归分析计算软件,使用excel的图形功能,先绘制样本数据散点图,然后在图上添加趋势线,确定了回归方程类型。根据回归方程类型进行了方程系数率定分析,最终推求出预报黑龙江乌云站洪峰水位和洪峰传播时间的数学回归方程,经实例拟合验证,方程计算结果通过检验,基本满足实际应用要求。     

双活塞式压力计准确度等级的确定

双活塞式压力计基于不同结构可分为双活塞式压力真空计和双量程活塞式压力计两种。针对后者的结构特点,分析两套活塞系统共用一套砝码的问题,根据活塞的参数以及专用砝码质量计算出标称值下的实际压力值。本研究根据不同压力量程段来划分活塞式压力计的准确度等级,实现活塞式压力计的溯源性校准,以保证压力量传中的准确性和一致性。     

机载组合导航系统实际导航性能计算方法

机载组合导航系统的实际导航性能计算是民航实施基于性能的导航(PBN)的关键技术,PBN要求机载组合导航系统能够利用相关数据实现其自身实际导航性能的实时评估计算,从而达到高可靠性要求下的缩小航路间隔,提高空域利用的目的.提出了机载组合导航系统实际导航性能实时计算评估的方法.通过分割卡尔曼滤波器的协方差矩阵获取位置误差矩阵...